UPSC Prelims · International Relations PYQ
Security, Nuclear & Regional Blocs UPSC PYQ — NATO, GCC, OPCW & Nuclear Regimes
NATO, GCC, OPCW, nuclear non-proliferation regimes (NSG, IAEA), and regional security groupings like BIMSTEC, IONS and IOR-ARC.
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1 2025
Consider the following statements in respect of BIMSTEC:
I. It is a regional organization consisting of seven member States till January 2025.
II. It came into existence with the signing of the Dhaka Declaration, 1999.
III. Bangladesh, India, Sri Lanka, Thailand and Nepal are founding member States of BIMSTEC.
IV. In BIMSTEC, the subsector of 'tourism' is being led by India.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?- AI and II
- BII and III
- CI and IV
- DI only
Reveal answer
Correct answer: C. I and IV
Explanation
BIMSTEC has 7 members (Bangladesh, India, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Nepal, Bhutan). It was established in 1997 via the Bangkok Declaration, not the Dhaka Declaration — so Statement II is incorrect. Founding members were Bangladesh, India, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, and Thailand (not Nepal) — so Statement III is incorrect. India does lead the tourism subsector. Statements I and IV are correct.
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2 2025
Consider the following countries:
1. Austria
2. Bulgaria
3. Croatia
4. Serbia
5. Sweden
6. North Macedonia
How many of the above are members of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization?- AOnly three
- BOnly four
- COnly five
- DAll the six
Reveal answer
Correct answer: B. Only four
Explanation
NATO has 32 members. Austria and Serbia are NOT NATO members. Bulgaria, Croatia, Sweden, and North Macedonia are members. So four of the six listed countries are NATO members.
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3 2018
Which is/are the consequence/consequences of becoming a member of the 'Nuclear Supplier Group'?
1. It will have access to the latest and most effective nuclear technologies.
2. It automatically becomes a member of 'The Treaty of non-proliferation of Nuclear weapons (NPT)'.- A1 only
- B2 only
- CBoth 1 and 2
- DNeither 1 nor 2
Reveal answer
Correct answer: A. 1 only
Explanation
Statement 1 is correct: NSG membership gives India access to advanced nuclear technologies. Statement 2 is incorrect: NSG membership doesn't automatically grant NPT membership.
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4 2018
International Labour Organization's Conventions 138 and 182 are related to:
- AChild Labour
- BAdaptation of agricultural practices to global climate change
- CRegulation of food prices and food security
- DGender parity at the workplace
Reveal answer
Correct answer: A. Child Labour
Explanation
The two ILO Conventions on child labour are Convention No. 138 (Minimum Age) and Convention No. 182 (Worst Forms). They are fundamental conventions obligating all ILO member states to abolish child labour.
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5 2018
In the Indian context, what is the implication of ratifying the 'Additional Protocol' with the 'International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)'?
- AThe civilian nuclear reactors come under IAEA safeguards.
- BThe military nuclear installations come under the inspection of IAEA.
- CThe country will have the privilege to buy uranium from the Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG).
- DThe country automatically becomes a member of the NSG.
Reveal answer
Correct answer: A. The civilian nuclear reactors come under IAEA safeguards.
Explanation
The IAEA is headquartered in Vienna. The Additional Protocol enhances the IAEA's ability to verify peaceful nuclear use, including civilian reactors, under safeguards agreements with India since 2014.
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6 2017
Consider the following in respect of the IONS:
1. Inaugural IONS was held in India in 2015 under the chairmanship of the Indian Navy.
2. IONS is a voluntary initiative that seeks to increase maritime cooperation among navies of the littoral states of the Indian Ocean Region.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?- A1 only
- B2 only
- CBoth 1 and 2
- DNeither 1 nor 2
Reveal answer
Correct answer: B. 2 only
Explanation
Statement 1 is incorrect: The inaugural IONS Seminar was held in 2008. Statement 2 is correct: IONS is a voluntary initiative for maritime cooperation among Indian Ocean littoral states.
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7 2015
With reference to 'Indian Ocean Rim Association for Regional Cooperation (IOR-ARC)', consider the following statements:
1. It was established very recently in response to incidents of piracy and accidents of oil spills.
2. It is an alliance meant for maritime security only.
Which of the following statements given above is/are correct?- A1 only
- B2 only
- CBoth 1 and 2
- DNeither 1 nor 2
Reveal answer
Correct answer: D. Neither 1 nor 2
Explanation
Statement 1 is incorrect: IOR-ARC was established in 1997 (Mauritius) to promote economic cooperation, not in response to piracy. Statement 2 is incorrect: IOR-ARC aims for trade and socio-economic cooperation, not piracy. Neither statement is correct.
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8 2015
India is a member of which of the following?
1. Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation
2. Association of South-East Asian Nations
3. East Asia Summit- A1 and 2 only
- B3 only
- C1, 2 and 3
- DIndia is a member of none of them
Reveal answer
Correct answer: B. 3 only
Explanation
India is not an APEC member. India is not an ASEAN member. India is a member of the East Asia Summit. Only option 3 is correct.
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9 2014
Consider the following countries:
1. Denmark
2. Japan
3. Russian Federation
4. United Kingdom
5. United States of America
Which of the above are the members of the 'Arctic Council'?- A1, 2 and 3
- B2, 3 and 4
- C1, 4 and 5
- D1, 3 and 5
Reveal answer
Correct answer: D. 1, 3 and 5
Explanation
The Arctic Council was formed in 1996 to promote cooperation on Arctic issues. Members include Canada, Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Russia, Sweden, and the USA. India is an observer. From the list: Denmark (1), Russian Federation (3), and United States of America (5) are members.
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10 2017
Consider the following statements:
1. The Nuclear Security Summits are periodically held under the aegis of the United Nations.
2. The International Panel on Fissile Materials is an organ of the International Atomic Energy Agency.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?- A1 only
- B2 only
- CBoth 1 and 2
- DNeither 1 nor 2
Reveal answer
Correct answer: D. Neither 1 nor 2
Explanation
Statement 1 is incorrect: the Nuclear Security Summits (2010, 2012, 2014, 2016) were a global initiative launched by the United States, not organised by the UN. Statement 2 is incorrect: the International Panel on Fissile Materials (IPFM) is an independent, non-governmental group of experts, not an official organ of the IAEA.
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11 2016
Consider the following statements:
1. The International Solar Alliance was launched at the United Nations Climate Change Conference in 2015.
2. The Alliance includes all the member countries of the United Nations.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?- A1 only
- B2 only
- CBoth 1 and 2
- DNeither 1 nor 2
Reveal answer
Correct answer: A. 1 only
Explanation
Statement 1 is correct: the International Solar Alliance (ISA) was launched on 30 November 2015 at COP21 in Paris, France. Statement 2 is incorrect: ISA does not include all UN member states; while its membership was later expanded to be open to all UN states, not all have joined.
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12 2016
Which of the following is not a member of ‘Gulf Cooperation Council’?
- AIran
- BSaudi Arabia
- COman
- DKuwait
Reveal answer
Correct answer: A. Iran
Explanation
The Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) comprises Saudi Arabia, the UAE, Kuwait, Qatar, Bahrain, and Oman. Iran, a non-Arab country with historical tensions with several GCC members, is not a member.
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13 2016
With reference to ‘Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW)’, consider the following statements:
1. It is an organisation of European Union in working relation with NATO and WHO.
2. It monitors the chemical industry to prevent new weapons from emerging.
3. It provides assistance and protection to States (Parties) against chemical weapons threats.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?- A1 only
- B2 and 3 only
- C1 and 3 only
- D1, 2 and 3
Reveal answer
Correct answer: B. 2 and 3 only
Explanation
Statement 1 is incorrect: the OPCW is not an EU organisation; it is an independent, autonomous international body established in 1997 to implement the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC). Statements 2 and 3 are correct: it monitors the chemical industry to prevent new weapons and provides assistance and protection to States Parties against chemical weapons threats.
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14 2015
In the Mekong-Ganga Cooperation, an initiative of six countries, which of the following is/are not a participant/participants?
1. Bangladesh
2. Cambodia
3. China
4. Myanmar
5. Thailand
Select the correct answer by using the code given below:- A1 only
- B2, 3 and 4
- C1 and 3
- D1, 2 and 5
Reveal answer
Correct answer: C. 1 and 3
Explanation
The Mekong-Ganga Cooperation (MGC), launched in 2000, is a regional cooperation initiative between India and five Southeast Asian countries along the Mekong and Ganges rivers: India, Thailand, Myanmar, Laos, Cambodia, and Vietnam. Bangladesh and China are not participants in the MGC.
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15 2022
Consider the following countries:
1. Armenia
2. Azerbaijan
3. Croatia
4. Romania
5. Uzbekistan
Which of the above are members of the Organization of Turkic States?- A1, 2 and 4 only
- B1 and 3 only
- C2 and 5 only
- D3, 4 and 5 only
Reveal answer
Correct answer: C. 2 and 5 only
Explanation
The Organization of Turkic States was established in 2009, with Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Turkey as founding members; Uzbekistan joined in 2019. From the list, Azerbaijan (2) and Uzbekistan (5) are members.