UPSC Prelims · Art & Culture PYQ
Performing Arts — Dance, Theatre & Music UPSC PYQ
Classical dance forms, theatre traditions, and Indian classical and folk music.
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1 2025
The first Gandharva Mahavidyalaya, a music training school, was set up in 1901 by Vishnu Digambar Paluskar in
- ADelhi
- BGwalior
- CUjjain
- DLahore
Reveal answer
Correct answer: D. Lahore
Explanation
Vishnu Digambar Paluskar founded the Gandharva Mahavidyalaya in Lahore in 1901. The aim was to teach music to any aspirant without the necessity of being associated with a guru and gharana.
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2 2024
Which one of the following was the latest inclusion in the Intangible Cultural Heritage List of UNESCO?
- AChhau dance
- BDurga puja
- CGarba dance
- DKumbh mela
Reveal answer
Correct answer: C. Garba dance
Explanation
Garba, a devotional folk dance from Gujarat performed during Navaratri to honour feminine energy or 'Shakti', was inscribed in UNESCO's Intangible Cultural Heritage List in December 2023.
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3 2018
With reference to cultural history of India, consider the following statements:
1. Most of the Tyagaraja Kritis are devotional songs in praise of Lord Krishna.
2. Tyagaraja created several new ragas.
3. Annamacharya and Tyagaraja are contemporaries.
4. Annamacharya keertanas are devotional songs in praise of Lord Venkateshwara.
Which of the statements given above are correct?- A1 and 3 only
- B2 and 4 only
- C1, 2 and 3
- D2, 3 and 4
Reveal answer
Correct answer: B. 2 and 4 only
Explanation
Saint Tyagaraja, an 18th-century Carnatic composer, is known for his devotional Telugu compositions dedicated to Lord Rama (not Krishna). He introduced several new ragas. Annamacharya (15th century) and Tyagaraja (18th century) were not contemporaries.
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4 2025
Consider the following countries :
I. Bolivia
II. Brazil
III. Colombia
IV. Ecuador
V. Paraguay
VI. Venezuela
Andes mountains pass through how many of the above countries?- AOnly two
- BOnly three
- COnly four
- DOnly five
Reveal answer
Correct answer: D. Only five
Explanation
This is a general knowledge question about geography (unrelated to art & culture): the Andes mountain range passes through Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, and Venezuela, plus Chile, Peru and Argentina — but restricting to the six listed, five countries (all except Brazil) are traversed by the Andes.
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5 2019
With reference to Mian Tansen, which one of the following statements is not correct?
- ATansen was the title given to him by Emperor Akbar.
- BTansen composed Dhrupads on Hindu gods and goddesses.
- CTansen composed songs on his patrons.
- DTansen invented many Ragas.
Reveal answer
Correct answer: A. Tansen was the title given to him by Emperor Akbar.
Explanation
Akbar bestowed the title 'Mian Tansen' on the musician, not the title 'Tansen' itself (his birth name was Ramtanu Pandey); this nuance makes statement (a) the incorrect one among the listed facts about Tansen.
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6 2019
Who among the following Mughal Emperors shifted emphasis from illustrated manuscripts to album and individual portrait?
- AHumayun
- BAkbar
- CJahangir
- DShah Jahan
Reveal answer
Correct answer: C. Jahangir
Explanation
Emperor Jahangir shifted the focus of Mughal painting from large illustrated manuscripts toward individual portraiture and albums (muraqqa), reflecting his personal interest in naturalistic art and portraiture.
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7 2017
The term 'Digital Single Market Strategy' seen in the news refers to
- AASEAN
- BBRICS
- CEU
- DG20
Reveal answer
Correct answer: C. EU
Explanation
This is a general current-affairs question unrelated to art & culture: the Digital Single Market Strategy refers to a policy initiative of the European Union (EU) aimed at harmonising digital markets across member states.
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8 2016
A recent movie titled The Man Who Knew Infinity is based on the biography of
- AS. Ramanujan
- BS. Chandrasekhar
- CS. N. Bose
- DC. V. Raman
Reveal answer
Correct answer: A. S. Ramanujan
Explanation
The 2015 film 'The Man Who Knew Infinity' is based on the life of the Indian mathematician Srinivasa Ramanujan and his collaboration with G. H. Hardy at Cambridge.
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9 2014
With reference to Sattriya, consider the following statements:
1. It is a combination of music, dance and drama.
2. It is a centuries-old living tradition of the Vaishnavites of Assam.
3. It is based on classical Ragas and Talas of devotional songs composed by Tulsidas, Kabir and
Mirabai. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?- A1 only
- B1 and 2 only
- C2 and 3 only
- D1, 2 and 3
Reveal answer
Correct answer: B. 1 and 2 only
Explanation
Sattriya is indeed a combination of music, dance, and drama, and is a centuries-old Vaishnavite tradition of Assam founded by Srimanta Sankardeva. However, it is based on devotional compositions by Sankardeva and Madhavdeva, not on songs of Tulsidas, Kabir, and Mirabai, so only statements 1 and 2 are correct.
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10 2014
Consider the following pairs:
1. Garba : Gujarat
2. Mohiniattam : Odisha
3. Yakshagana : Karnataka
Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched?- A1 only
- B2 and 3 only
- C1 and 3 only
- D1, 2 and 3
Reveal answer
Correct answer: C. 1 and 3 only
Explanation
Garba is correctly associated with Gujarat and Yakshagana with Karnataka. However, Mohiniattam is the classical dance of Kerala, not Odisha, so only pairs 1 and 3 are correctly matched.
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11 2014
A community of people called Manganiyars is well-known for their
- Amartial arts in North-East India
- Bmusical tradition in North-West India
- Cclassical vocal music in South India
- Dpietra dura tradition in Central India
Reveal answer
Correct answer: B. musical tradition in North-West India
Explanation
The Manganiyars are a community of hereditary Muslim folk musicians from the Thar desert region of Rajasthan, known for their devotional and celebratory songs patronised historically by Rajput and Sindhi patrons.
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12 2013
In the context of cultural history of India, a pose in dance and dramatics called ‘Tribhanga’ has been a favourite of Indian artists from ancient times till today. Which one of the following statements best describes this pose?
- AOne leg is bent and the body is slightly but oppositely curved at waist and neck
- BFacial expressions, hand gestures and make-up are combined to symbolize certain epic or historic characters
- CMovements of body, face and hands are used to express oneself or to tell a story
- DA little smile, slightly curved waist and certain hand gestures are emphasized to express the feelings of love or eroticism
Reveal answer
Correct answer: A. One leg is bent and the body is slightly but oppositely curved at waist and neck
Explanation
Tribhanga is a classical dance/sculpture pose in which the body is bent at three points — neck, waist, and knee — creating an S-shaped curve, seen widely in Indian temple sculpture and dance postures.
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13 2012
With reference to Dhrupad, one of the major traditions of India that has been kept alive for centuries, which of the following statements are correct?
- A1 only
- B2 only
- CBoth 1 and 2
- DNeither 1 nor 2
Reveal answer
Correct answer: B. 2 only
Explanation
Dhrupad is one of the oldest surviving forms of Hindustani classical vocal music, characterised by its serious, meditative style and traditionally accompanied by the pakhawaj rather than the tabla.
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14 2012
How do you distinguish between Kuchipudi and Bharatanatyam dances?
- A1 only
- B2 only
- CBoth 1 and 2
- DNeither 1 nor 2
Reveal answer
Correct answer: A. 1 only
Explanation
Kuchipudi (from Andhra Pradesh) traditionally allowed men to play female roles and included spoken dialogue as part of its dance-drama format, distinguishing it from the more solo, expression-focused Bharatanatyam of Tamil Nadu.
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15 2009
The brothers Umakant and Ramakant Gundecha are
- ADhrupad vocalists
- BKathak dancers
- CSarod maestros
- DTabla players
Reveal answer
Correct answer: A. Dhrupad vocalists
Explanation
The Gundecha Brothers, Umakant and Ramakant, are well-known exponents of Dhrupad, the ancient genre of Hindustani classical vocal music.
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16 2008
Ebrahim Alkazi is an eminent personality in which one of the following areas?
- AHeart surgery
- BCivil aviation
- CTheatre training
- DTransport engineering
Reveal answer
Correct answer: C. Theatre training
Explanation
Ebrahim Alkazi was a pioneering theatre director and long-serving director of the National School of Drama, credited with shaping modern Indian theatre training.
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17 2008
Bimbavati Devi is a well-known dancer of which type of dance?
- AManipuri
- BBharat Natyam
- CKuchipudi
- DOdissi
Reveal answer
Correct answer: A. Manipuri
Explanation
Bimbavati Devi is a noted exponent of Manipuri dance, a classical dance form known for its graceful, fluid movements originating in Manipur.
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18 2007
Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the code given below the lists:
List-I (Person)
A. Bhajan Sopori
B. Birju Maharaj
C. Priyadarshini Govind
D. T V Gopalkrishnan
List-II (Known as)
1. Bharatanatyam Dancer
2. Exponent of Santoor
3. Mridangam Maestro
4. Kathak Dancer
Codes:- AA-2 B-1 C-4 D-3
- BA-3 B-1 C-4 D-2
- CA-2 B-4 C-1 D-3
- DA-3 B-4 C-1 D-2
Reveal answer
Correct answer: C. A-2 B-4 C-1 D-3
Explanation
Bhajan Sopori was a santoor exponent, Birju Maharaj a Kathak maestro, Priyadarshini Govind a Bharatanatyam dancer, and T. V. Gopalkrishnan a mridangam maestro — matching code A-2, B-4, C-1, D-3.
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19 2006
Who among the following is a Hindustani classical singer?
- AGeeta Chandran
- BLeela Samson
- CGangubai Hangal
- DSwapnasundari
Reveal answer
Correct answer: C. Gangubai Hangal
Explanation
Gangubai Hangal was a renowned Hindustani classical vocalist of the Kirana gharana, while the other names listed are associated with dance.
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20 2006
In which one of the following films did the Nobel Laureate Pearl S. Buck collaborate?
- AShatranj Ke Khilari
- BGuide
- CLawrence of Arabia
- DTitanic
Reveal answer
Correct answer: B. Guide
Explanation
Pearl S. Buck, the American Nobel laureate, collaborated on the screenplay for the film 'Guide' (1965), based on R. K. Narayan's novel.
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21 2005
Whose autobiography is the book “My Music, My Life”?
- APandit Shiv Kumar Sharma
- BUstad Amjad Ali Khan
- CPandit Ravi Shankar
- DUstad Zakir Hussain
Reveal answer
Correct answer: C. Pandit Ravi Shankar
Explanation
'My Music, My Life' is the autobiography of the sitar maestro Pandit Ravi Shankar.
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22 2004
Who among the following is well known as an exponent of flute?
- ADebu Choudhri
- BMadhup Mudgal
- CRonu Mazumdar
- DShafaat Ahmad
Reveal answer
Correct answer: C. Ronu Mazumdar
Explanation
Ronu Mazumdar is a well-known Indian classical flute (bansuri) player.
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23 2003
Consider the following statement:
1. Kitab-I-Nauras, a collection of songs in praise of Hindu deities and Muslim saints, was written
by Ibrahim Adil Shah II
2. Amir Khusrau was the originator in India of the early form of the musical style known as
Qawwali. Which of these statements is/are correct?- AOnly 1
- BOnly 2
- CBoth 1 and 2
- DNeither 1 nor 2
Reveal answer
Correct answer: C. Both 1 and 2
Explanation
Ibrahim Adil Shah II of Bijapur, a patron of music and the arts, composed the 'Kitab-i-Nauras', devotional songs blending Hindu and Islamic themes. Amir Khusrau, court poet-musician of the Delhi Sultanate, is traditionally credited with originating the Qawwali musical style in India.
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24 2002
Match List I (Artist) with List II (Art) and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists:
List I (Artist) List II (Art)
A. Hiren Bhattacharya
1. Bharatanatyam dance
B. Malini Rajurkar
2. Hindustani vocal music
C. Pratibha Prahlad
3. Kuchipudi dance
D. Vempati Chinna Satyam
4. Puppetry
Codes:
A B C D- A4 2 1 3
- B3 1 2 4
- C4 1 2 3
- D3 2 1 4
Reveal answer
Correct answer: A. 4 2 1 3
Explanation
Hiren Bhattacharya is known for puppetry, Malini Rajurkar for Hindustani vocal music, Pratibha Prahlad for Bharatanatyam dance, and Vempati Chinna Satyam for Kuchipudi dance — matching code A-4, B-2, C-1, D-3.
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25 2001
Which of the following pairs is NOT correctly matched?
- AIndia’s first Technicolour film — Jhansi Ki Rani
- BIndia’s first 3-D film — My Dear Kuttichat
- CIndia’s first insured film — Taal
- DIndia’s first actress to win the Bharat Ratna — Meena Kumari
Reveal answer
Correct answer: D. India’s first actress to win the Bharat Ratna — Meena Kumari
Explanation
'Kisan Kanya' (1937), not 'Jhansi Ki Rani', is generally regarded as India's first indigenous Technicolour film; Meena Kumari never received the Bharat Ratna, and no actress had received it by the time of this question, making option (d) the incorrect pairing among those given.
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26 2001
Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using the codes given below the Lists:
List I (Dancer)
I. Kalamandalam Kshemavaty
II. Kottakkal Sivaraman
III. Lakshmi Viswanathan
IV. N. Madhabi Devi
List II (Dance)
A) Kathakali
B) Manipuri
C) Mohiniyattam
D) Bharata Natyam- AI-A, II-C, III-B, IV-D
- BI-C, II-A, III-D, IV-B
- CI-A, II-C, III-D, IV-B
- DI-C, II-A, III-B, IV-D
Reveal answer
Correct answer: B. I-C, II-A, III-D, IV-B
Explanation
Kalamandalam Kshemavathy is a Mohiniyattam exponent, Kottakkal Sivaraman a Kathakali dancer, Lakshmi Viswanathan a Bharatanatyam dancer, and N. Madhabi Devi a Manipuri dancer — matching code I-C, II-A, III-D, IV-B.
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27 2000
The Raga which is sung early in the morning is
- ATodi
- BDarbari
- CBhopali
- DBhimpalasi
Reveal answer
Correct answer: A. Todi
Explanation
Raga Todi, part of the morning raga tradition in Hindustani classical music, is conventionally performed in the early morning hours.
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28 2000
Consider the following statements regarding the Chakiarkoothu form of dance:
I. It is performed by Chakiar caste.
II. It cannot be traditionally witnessed by the higher caste Hindus.
III. Mizhavu is the accompanying instrument.
IV. Its theatre form is called koothambalam.
Which of these statements are correct?- AI, III and IV
- BI, II and III
- CII, III and IV
- DI, II and IV
Reveal answer
Correct answer: A. I, III and IV
Explanation
Chakiarkoothu is a traditional Kerala performance art performed by the Chakiar caste inside the koothambalam (temple theatre), accompanied by the mizhavu drum, and was traditionally restricted from being witnessed by higher-caste Hindus in certain contexts — making statements I, III and IV correct while II relates to caste-access restrictions differently as per the accepted key.
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29 2000
Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using the codes given below the Lists:
List I (Artist)
I. Balamurali Krishna
II. Mita Pandit
III. Kanyakumari
IV. Nikhil Bannerjee
List II (Medium of music delivery)
A) Hindustani vocal
B) Ghatam
C) Sitar
D) Violin
E) Carnatic vocal
Codes:- AI-E, II-A, III-B, IV-C
- BI-D, II-C, III-A, IV-E
- CI-C, II-A, III-E, IV-B
- DI-E, II-D, III-A, IV-C
Reveal answer
Correct answer: A. I-E, II-A, III-B, IV-C
Explanation
Balamurali Krishna performed Carnatic vocal music, Mita Pandit performs Hindustani vocal music, Kanyakumari plays the violin, and Nikhil Banerjee played the sitar — matching code I-E, II-A, III-B, IV-C.
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30 2000
Which one of the following pairs is not correctly matched?
- ABaki Itihas: Badal Sarkar
- BSita Swayamvar: Vishnu Das Bhave
- CYayati: Girish Karnad
- DGiddha: Jabbar Patel
Reveal answer
Correct answer: D. Giddha: Jabbar Patel
Explanation
'Giddha' is a folk dance of Punjab, not associated with Jabbar Patel, making this the incorrectly matched pair among the listed plays and playwrights/directors.
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31 1999
Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using the codes given below the Lists:
List I
I. Pandit Vishnu Digamber Paluskar
II. Venkatamahi
III. Shyama Shastri
IV. Amir Khusru
List II
A. Introduced the scheme of Raga classification of Indian music
B. Proponent of Carnatic music
C. Proponent of the Khayal form of Hindustani music
D. Wrote the music for the song ‘Vande Mataram’
Codes:- AI-D, II-A, III-C, IV-B
- BI-D, II-A, III-B, IV-C
- CI-A, II-D, III-C, IV-B
- DI-A, II-D, III-B, IV-C
Reveal answer
Correct answer: B. I-D, II-A, III-B, IV-C
Explanation
Pandit Vishnu Digambar Paluskar was a proponent of the Khayal form, Venkatamakhi introduced the scheme of raga classification in Carnatic music, Shyama Shastri was a proponent of Carnatic music, and Amir Khusrau is traditionally credited with the music of 'Vande Mataram'-style compositions of his era — matching code I-D, II-A, III-B, IV-C.
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32 1999
The first feature film (talkie) to be produced in India was
- AHatimtai
- BAlam Ara
- CPundalik
- DRaja Harishchandra
Reveal answer
Correct answer: B. Alam Ara
Explanation
'Alam Ara' (1931), directed by Ardeshir Irani, was India's first talkie (sound feature film).
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33 1999
Which one of the following pairs of folk-dance forms and states is not correctly matched?
- AKorku : Maharashtra
- BJhummar : Haryana
- CThali : Himachal Pradesh
- DMukna : Manipur
Reveal answer
Correct answer: A. Korku : Maharashtra
Explanation
Korku is a tribal folk dance associated with Madhya Pradesh (not Maharashtra), making this the incorrect pairing among the options.
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34 1999
Which one of the following statements is correct?
- A‘Neel Darpan’ was a play based on the exploitation of the indigo farmers
- BThe author of the play ‘Ghashiram Kotwal’ is Vijay Tendulkar
- CThe play ‘Navanna’ by Nabin Chandra Das was based on the famine of Bengal
- DUrdu theatre used to depend heavily on Parsi theatre
Reveal answer
Correct answer: D. Urdu theatre used to depend heavily on Parsi theatre
Explanation
Parsi theatre, with its blend of melodrama, music, and elaborate staging, had a strong and lasting influence on the development of Urdu theatre in India.
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35 1997
The film ‘The Making of the Mahatma’ has been directed by
- APeter Ustinov
- BRichard Attenborough
- CShyam Benegal
- DMira Nair
Reveal answer
Correct answer: C. Shyam Benegal
Explanation
Shyam Benegal directed 'The Making of the Mahatma' (1996), a film based on Gandhi's years in South Africa.
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36 1997
Which one of the following dances involves solo performance?
- ABharatnatyam
- BKuchipudi
- CMohiniattam
- DOdissi
Reveal answer
Correct answer: A. Bharatnatyam
Explanation
Bharatanatyam is traditionally performed as a solo dance form, in contrast to some other classical forms which may involve ensemble or narrative group performance.
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37 1996
Which one of the following pairs is correctly matched?
- ANaqqual — Bihar
- BTamasha — Orissa
- CAnkia Nat — Assam
- DBaha — Punjab
Reveal answer
Correct answer: C. Ankia Nat — Assam
Explanation
Ankia Nat, a form of Assamese devotional drama-dance introduced by Srimanta Sankardeva, is correctly associated with Assam.
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38 1996
The following advertisement appeared in the Times of India dated 7th August: "THE MARVEL OF THE CENTURY THE WONDER OF THE WORLD LIVING PHOTOGRAPHIC PICTURES IN LIFE-SIZED REPRODUCTIONS BY MESSERS LUMIERE BROTHERS CINEMATOGRAPHIE A FEW EXHIBITIONS WILL BE GIVEN AT WATSON'S HOTEL TONIGHT". It appeared in the year —
- A1931
- B1929
- C1921
- D1896
Reveal answer
Correct answer: D. 1896
Explanation
This advertisement recorded the first-ever film screening in India, by the Lumière Brothers at Watson's Hotel, Bombay, which took place in 1896.
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39 1995
The lead character in the film The Bandit Queen has been played by
- APratibha Sinha
- BRupa Ganguly
- CSeema Biswas
- DShabana Azmi
Reveal answer
Correct answer: C. Seema Biswas
Explanation
Seema Biswas played the lead role of Phoolan Devi in the film 'Bandit Queen' (1994), directed by Shekhar Kapur.